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a word probably connected with chloe, "yellow," denotes "gall," (a) literal, Matt. 27:34 (cp. Ps. 69:21); some regard the word here as referring to myrrh, on account of Mark 15:23; (b) metaphorical, Acts 8:23, where "gall of bitterness" stands for extreme wickedness, productive of evil fruit. In the OT it is used (a) of a plant characterized by bitterness (probably wormwood), Deut. 29:18; Hos. 10:4; Amos 6:12; (b) as the translation of the word mererah, "bitterness," Job. 13:26, e.g.; (c) as the translation of rosh, "venom;" in Deut. 32:32 "(grapes) of gall." In Job 20:25, the gall bladder is referred to (the receptacle of bile). The ancients supposed that the poison of serpents lay in the gall (see Job 20:14).